Hobaneng Liphoso Tsena li Tsoela Pele ho Hlaha Tlhahisong

Lits'ebetsong tsa ho lahla le ho bopa polyurethane,masoba a pinhole, masoba a ho fokotseha, le matšoao a phalloke tse ling tsa liphoso tse hlahang khafetsa holim'a metsi lits'ebetsong tse tenyetsehang le tse thata tsa polyurethane.

Esita le ka mora diphetoho tse pheta-phetoang, mathata ana a atisa ho hlaha hape, e leng se bontshang hore sesosa sa mantlha ha se hangata e leng phoso e le nngwe ya tshebetso. Ho ena le hoo, a bakwa keho se leka-lekane ha boemo ba sistimie kenyeletsang:

• Taolo ea mongobo oa thepa e tala
• Kinetics ea karabelo (ho leka-lekana ha foam khahlanong le gelation)
• Ho lekanya le ho kopanya botsitso
• Moralo oa ho kenya moea le ho tlatsa hlobo
• Taolo ea mocheso oa ts'ebetso

Bakeng sa tlhahiso e tsitsitseng, sesebelisoa se entsoeng hantlesistimi ea ho etsa polyurethaneke ea bohlokoa.

Ithute haholoanyane ka litsamaiso tse ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng:
Litharollo tsa Sistimi ea Polyurethane

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1. Likoti tse ka Hare (Li-Micro Voids, Li-Porosity tse Nyenyane, Likoti tse ka Hare)

1.1 Lisosa tsa Motheo tsa ho Khutlela Hape

(1) Tšilafalo ea Mongobo — Sesosa se ka Sehloohong

Mongobo o teng ho di-polyol, di-catalyst, di-surfactants tsa silicone, kapa di-additives ke sesosa se tlwaelehileng sa masoba a di-pinhole.

Mehloli ea bohlokoa e kenyelletsa:

• Ho monya thepa e tala ka hygroscopic
• Ho kolobisa ka har'a litanka tsa polokelo
• Hydrolysis ea Isocyanate
• Li-mold tse metsi kapa metsoako e lokollang metsi
• Mongobo o phahameng oa tikoloho

Metsi a arabela le isocyanate (NCO) ho hlahisa khase ea CO₂. Haeba lipululana li sa khone ho tsoa pele ho gelation,masoba a koaletsoeng ka ho sa feleng mohahong.

Metswako e amohelang mongobo e hloka moralo o ntlafalitsoeng oa sistimi:
Ntlo ea Sistimi ea Polyurethane

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(2) Ho Koalloa ha Moea Nakong ea ho Kopanya

• Lebelo le feteletseng la ho kopanya
• Bophahamo bo phahameng ba lerotholi nakong ea ho tšela
• Moralo oa hlooho ea ho kopanya e nang le moferefere

Maemo ana a hlahisa dipululana tse nyane tse sa kgoneng ho tswa ka nako.

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(3) Ho se leka-lekane ha ho ntsha bubble-gelation

• Ho potlaka haholo ho tlosa lipululana → lipululana tse qabeletsoeng maboteng a thata
• Ho phatloha ha bubble ka potlako haholo → ho phatloha ha bubble
• Ho se lumellane hantle ha silicone surfactant → sebopeho sa sele se sa tsitsang

Khetho ea catalyst e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho leka-lekanyeng lebelo la karabelo:
Li-Catalyst tsa Polyurethane Amine

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(4) Liphoso tsa ho ntša moea o tsoang hlobo

• Likanale tsa moea tse koetsoeng
• Moralo o mobe oa moea o kenang ka hare
• Moea o koallang hlobo pele ho nako

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1.2 Litharollo tsa Boenjiniere

• Ntlafatsa ho tiisa le ho beha leihlo mongobo oa thepa e tala
• Sebelisa tšireletso ea naetrojene libakeng tse mongobo
• Chesa le ho omisa hlobo hantle
• Ntlafatsa matla a ho kopanya le ho fokotsa ho kenella ha moea
• Fetola tekanyo ea catalyst ea amine/tin bakeng sa nako e tsitsitseng ea karabelo
• Ntlafatsa moralo oa ho ntša moea le tatellano ea ho koala hlobo

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2. Maqhubu a ho Shrinkage (Matshwao a ho Sika, ho Putlama ha Bokaholimo, ho Tepella ha Moeli)

2.1 Lisosa tsa Motheo tsa ho Khutlela Hape

(1) Ho Feta Tekanyo Kamora ho Fokotseha

• Botenya bo tlase ba crosslink
• Index e tlase ea NCO
• Karolelano e phahameng ea foam

E lebisa ho honyeleng ha kahare ka mora ho phola le ho putlama ha bokaholimo.

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(2) Ho Fokotsa le ho Fana ka Mocheso ka ho sa Lekaneng

• Likarolo tse teteaneng li fola butle ho feta likarolo tse tšesaane
• Phapang ea khatello ea maikutlo sebakeng se itseng
• Ho se tsitse ha bongata karolong eo

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(3) Ho Tlatsa ho sa Lekaneng kapa Moralo o Mobe oa Heke

• Likoti tse sa tlatsoang hantle
• Phallo e fokolang libakeng tsa ho qetela
• Sebaka se fosahetseng sa heke ea ente

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(4) Ho Hlōloa ha Pele ho Nako

Ho heletsoa ha sebopeho kapele ho lebisa ho putlameng ha sebopeho ka lebaka la ho se phele hantle ha ka hare.

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2.2 Litharollo tsa Boenjiniere

• Keketseho e nyaneLenane la NCO (sebaka sa 1.05 → 1.10)
• Ntlafatsa boima ba 'mele 'me u netefatse hore o tletse hanyane
• Tekanyo ea mocheso oa hlobo le mocheso oa thepa
• Eketsa nako ea ho lokisa pele u tlosa peo
• Ntlafatsa tekano ea sebopeho ka ho sebelisa ntlafatso ea boemo ba sistimi

Tšehetso ea ntlafatso ea sistimi:
Litharollo tsa Sistimi ea Polyurethane

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3. Matšoao a Phallo (Mela ea Phallo, Mela ea ho Weld, Methati, Maqhubu a Bokaholimo)

3.1 Lisosa tsa Motheo tsa ho Khutlela Hape

(1) Phallo e sa Tsitsang ea ho Tlatsa

• Phetoho ea khatello ea pompo
• Ho se tsitse ha karolelano ea ho lekanya
• Phallo ea ente e ferekantsoeng

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(2) Ho se tshwane ha mocheso

• Mocheso o tlase oa hlobo o baka letlalo le sa tsoa hlaha
• Ho kopanngoa ho fokolang ha mahlakore a phallo
• Ho feto-fetoha ha mocheso ho baka diphoso tse sa tsitsang

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(3) Moralo o Mobe oa Heke

• Heke e le 'ngoe e nang le tsela e telele ea phallo
• Mahlakore a phallo a mangata a etsang mela ea ho tjheseletsa
• Ho tjhesa ho bakwang ke boholo ba heke e nyane

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(4) Mathata a ho Fokotseha ha Phallo/Moemeli oa ho Lokolla

• Phallo e tlase ea sebopeho
• Seaparo sa moemeli oa tokollo se sa lekanang
• Tšilafalo ea bokaholimo e thibelang ho kopana

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3.2 Litharollo tsa Boenjiniere

• Tsitsisa litsamaiso tsa ho lekanya le ho pompa
• Boloka hlobo le mocheso o tsitsitseng oa thepa
• Kenya lintlha tse thusang tsa ente bakeng sa masoba a malelele
• Ntlafatsa phallo ka ho sebelisa tokiso ea sebopeho

Ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea phallo ea sistimi ka li-additives tse nepahetseng:
Litharollo tse thibelang malakabe le tse ling

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4. Moralo o Hlophisitsoeng oa ho Tharolla Mathata

Ha liphoso li hlaha khafetsa, sebelisa mokhoa ona o hlophisitsoeng oa tlhahlobo:

Mohato oa 1: Taolo ea Tikoloho

• Ho tsitsa ha mocheso le mongobo
• Maemo a mongobo a thepa e tala
• Maemo a ho tiisa polokelo

Mohato oa 2: Tlhahlobo ea Sistimi ea Metha

• Ho tsitsa ha karolelano ea A/B
• Botsitso ba khatello ea pompo
• Phetoho ea sekhahla sa phallo

Mohato oa 3: Tlhahlobo ea Sistimi ea Karabelo

• Tekanyo ea mocheso oa thepa le hlobo
• Khetho ea sistimi ea Catalyst
• Nako ea ho ntša bubble khahlanong le ho kenya gel

Mohato oa 4: Tlhahlobo ea Sistimi ea Hlobo

• Moralo oa ho kenya moea
• Sebopeho sa heke
• Ho tšoana ha moemeli oa tokollo
• Ho tlosa nako

Mohato oa 5: Ho tsitsa ha Ts'ebetso

• Ho leka-lekanya mokhoa oa ho kopanya
• Taolo ea mokhoa oa ho tšela
• Ho nepahala ha boima ba thupa

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Qetello

Likoti tse nang le masoba, masoba a ho nyenyefala, le matšoao a phallo ha se liphoso tse ikhethileng - ke tsonamatšoao a ho se leka-lekane ha tsamaiso ho pholletsa le tlhahiso, ts'ebetso le moralo oa hlobo.

Tlhahiso e tsitsitseng ea polyurethane e hloka taolo e tsamaellanang ea:

• Boleng ba thepa e tala
• Kinetics ea karabelo
• Sistimi ea catalysis
• Boenjiniere ba hlobo
• Taeo ea ts'ebetso

Bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng le sekhahla se fokotsehileng sa liphoso, sesebelisoa se entsoeng hantletharollo ea sistimi ea polyurethaneke ea bohlokoa.

Ikopanye le sehlopha sa rona sa botekgeniki bakeng sa ntlafatso ea sebopeho se ikhethileng, khetho ea catalyst, le tšehetso ea sistimi:

Ntlo ea Sistimi ea Polyurethane