Li-elastomer tsa polyurethane ke sehlopha sa bohlokoa sa thepa ea polymer e sebetsang hantle. Ka thepa ea tsona e ikhethang ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale le ts'ebetso e ntle e felletseng, li na le boemo ba bohlokoa indastering ea sejoale-joale. Lisebelisoa tsena li sebelisoa haholo masimong a mangata a tlhahiso ea maemo a holimo, joalo ka lifofane, likoloi tsa maemo a holimo, mechini e nepahetseng, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, ka lebaka la ho tenyetseha ha tsona hantle, ho hanyetsa ho tsofala, ho hanyetsa ho bola le ho tenyetseha ha ts'ebetso. Ka tsoelo-pele ea saense le theknoloji le ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea thepa indastering ea tlhahiso, moralo oa ts'ebetso e phahameng oa li-elastomer tsa polyurethane e fetohile ntlha ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng boleng ba ts'ebeliso ea tsona. Indastering ea tlhahiso ea maemo a holimo, litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso bakeng sa thepa li ntse li thatafala le ho feta. Joaloka thepa e sebetsang hantle, moralo le ts'ebeliso ea li-elastomer tsa polyurethane li tlameha ho fihlela maemo a itseng a tekheniki. Ts'ebeliso ea li-elastomer tsa polyurethane tlhahisong ea maemo a holimo le eona e tobana le liphephetso tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa taolo ea litšenyehelo, ts'ebetsong ea tekheniki le kamohelo ea 'maraka. Leha ho le joalo, ka melemo ea eona ea ts'ebetso, li-elastomer tsa polyurethane li bapetse karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng ts'ebetso le tlholisano ea lihlahisoa tsa tlhahiso. Ka dipatlisiso tse tebileng mabapi le masimo ana a tshebediso, e ka fana ka tshehetso e matla bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa moralo wa thepa le ho atolosa tshebediso.

 

Moralo o sebetsang hantle oa li-elastomer tsa polyurethane

 

Litlhoko tsa sebopeho le ts'ebetso ea thepa

Li-elastomer tsa polyurethane ke sehlopha sa thepa ea polymer e nang le ts'ebetso e ntle haholo. Haholo-holo li entsoe ka likarolo tse peli tsa motheo: polyether le isocyanate. Khetho le karolelano ea likarolo tsena li na le tšusumetso e kholo ts'ebetsong ea thepa ea ho qetela. Hangata polyether ke karolo e ka sehloohong e bonolo ea li-elastomer tsa polyurethane. Sebopeho sa eona sa limolek'hule se na le lihlopha tsa polyol, tse ka fanang ka ho tenyetseha le ho tenyetseha ho hoholo. Isocyanate, e le karolo e ka sehloohong ea karolo e thata, e ikarabella bakeng sa ho arabela le polyether ho theha liketane tsa polyurethane, ho eketsa matla le ho hanyetsa ho tsofala ha thepa. Mefuta e fapaneng ea li-polyether le li-isocyanate li na le thepa e fapaneng ea lik'hemik'hale le thepa ea 'mele. Ka hona, moralong oa li-elastomer tsa polyurethane, ho hlokahala ho khetha le ho arola likarolo tsena ka mokhoa o utloahalang ho latela litlhoko tsa ts'ebeliso ho fihlela matšoao a ts'ebetso a hlokahalang. Mabapi le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso, li-elastomer tsa polyurethane li hloka ho ba le litšobotsi tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa: ho hanyetsa ho tsofala, ho tenyetseha, ho thibela botsofali, jj. Ho hanyetsa ho tsofala ho bolela ts'ebetso e tšoarellang nako e telele ea thepa tlas'a maemo a khohlano le ho tsofala. Haholo-holo ha e sebelisoa libakeng tse nang le ho robeha ho hoholo, joalo ka litsamaiso tsa ho emisoa ha likoloi le lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, ho hanyetsa ho robeha ho hotle ho ka eketsa bophelo ba ts'ebeletso ea sehlahisoa haholo. Ho tenyetseha ke e 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tsa mantlha tsa li-elastomer tsa polyurethane. E etsa qeto ea hore na thepa e ka khutlela sebopehong sa eona sa pele kapele nakong ea ho fetoha le ho hlaphoheloa. E sebelisoa haholo litiisong le li-shock absorbers. Anti-botsofali e bolela bokhoni ba thepa ba ho boloka ts'ebetso ea eona kamora ts'ebeliso ea nako e telele kapa ho pepesehela libaka tse thata (joalo ka mahlaseli a ultraviolet, mongobo, liphetoho tsa mocheso, jj.), ho netefatsa hore thepa e boloka ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang.

 

Maano a Ntlafatso ea Moralo

Moralo o sebetsang hantle oa li-elastomer tsa polyurethane ke ts'ebetso e rarahaneng le e bonolo e hlokang ho nahanoa ka botlalo ka maano a mangata a ntlafatso ea moralo. Ntlafatso ea sebopeho sa limolek'hule ke mohato oa bohlokoa oa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea thepa. Ka ho fetola sebopeho sa ketane ea limolek'hule tsa polyurethane, joalo ka ho eketsa tekanyo ea ho hokahanya, matla a mechini le khanyetso ea ho tsofala ha thepa li ka ntlafatsoa haholo. Keketseho ea tekanyo ea ho hokahanya e lumella sebopeho sa marang-rang se tsitsitseng haholoanyane ho thehoa pakeng tsa liketane tsa limolek'hule tsa thepa, ka hona ho ntlafatsa matla le ho tšoarella ha eona ka kakaretso. Mohlala, ka ho sebelisa li-reactant tsa polyisocyanate kapa ho kenya li-agent tsa ho hokahanya, tekanyo ea ho hokahanya e ka eketsoa ka katleho 'me ts'ebetso ea thepa e ka ntlafatsoa. ​​Ntlafatso ea karolelano ea likarolo le eona ea bohlokoa. Karolelano ea polyether le isocyanate e ama ka kotloloho ho tenyetseha, ho thatafala le ho hanyetsa ho tsofala ha thepa. Ka kakaretso, ho eketsa karolo ea isocyanate ho ka eketsa ho thatafala le ho hanyetsa ho tsofala ha thepa, empa ho ka fokotsa ho tenyetseha ha eona. Ka hona, hoa hlokahala ho lokisa ka nepo karolelano ea tse peli ho latela litlhoko tsa 'nete tsa ts'ebeliso ho fihlela tekano e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea ts'ebetso. Ntle le ntlafatso ea sebopeho sa limolek'hule le karolelano ea likarolo, tšebeliso ea li-additives le li-reinforcement agents le tsona li na le tšusumetso e kholo ts'ebetsong ea thepa. Li-nanomaterials, tse kang nano-silicon le nano-carbon, li ka ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso e felletseng ea li-polyurethane elastomers. Li-nanomaterials li ntlafatsa thepa ea mechini le khanyetso ea tikoloho ea thepa ka ho eketsa matla a tsona, khanyetso ea ho tsofala le khanyetso ea botsofali.

 

 

Ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea ho lokisa

Ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea ho lokisa ke e 'ngoe ea litsela tsa bohlokoa tsa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea li-elastomer tsa polyurethane. Tsoelo-pele theknolojing ea tlhahiso ea polymer e bile le tšusumetso e kholo ho lokisoeng ha li-elastomer tsa polyurethane. Mekhoa ea sejoale-joale ea tlhahiso ea polymer, joalo ka ho etsa molding ea injection ea reaction (RIM) le theknoloji ea polymerization ea khatello e phahameng, e ka fihlella taolo e nepahetseng haholoanyane nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, ka hona e ntlafatsa sebopeho sa limolek'hule le ts'ebetso ea thepa. Theknoloji ea ho etsa molding ea injection ea karabelo e ka ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso le ho fihlela ho tšoana hantle ha thepa le botsitso nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho bopa ka ho kopanya polyether le isocyanate kapele tlas'a khatello e phahameng le ho li kenya ka har'a hlobo. Theknoloji ea polymerization ea khatello e phahameng e ka ntlafatsa bongata le matla a thepa le ho ntlafatsa khanyetso ea eona ea ho tsofala le khanyetso ea botsofali ka ho etsa liketso tsa polymerization tlas'a khatello e phahameng. Theknoloji e ntlafalitsoeng ea ho bopa le ts'ebetso le eona ke ntlha ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng ts'ebetso ea li-elastomer tsa polyurethane. Mekhoa ea setso ea ho bopa ea hot press e nkile sebaka butle-butle ke mahlale a tsoetseng pele a ho bopa le ho etsa molding ea extrusion. Mekhoa ena e mecha ha e ntlafatse ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso feela, empa hape e ka fihlella taolo e nepahetseng haholoanyane nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho bopa ho netefatsa boleng le ts'ebetso ea thepa. Theknoloji ea ho enta ka ente e ka finyella ho bopa ka nepo libopeho tse rarahaneng le ho fokotsa litšila tsa thepa ka ho futhumatsa thepa e tala ea polyurethane ho fihlela boemong bo qhibilihisitsoeng le ho e kenya ka har'a hlobo. Theknoloji ea ho enta ka extrusion e futhumatsa le ho qobella thepa ea polyurethane ho tsoa ho extruder, e etsa li-strips kapa li-tubes tse tsoelang pele ka ho pholisa le ho tiisa. E loketse tlhahiso e kholo le ts'ebetso e ikhethileng.

 

Tšebeliso ea li-elastomer tsa polyurethane tlhahisong ea maemo a holimo

 

Lifofane

Lefapheng la lifofane, li-elastomer tsa polyurethane li sebelisoa haholo likarolong tse ngata tsa bohlokoa, joalo ka litiiso le li-shock absorber, ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea tsona e ntle haholo. Indasteri ea lifofane e na le litlhoko tse boima haholo ts'ebetsong ea thepa, tse kenyeletsang haholo-holo ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng, ho hanyetsa mokhathala, ho hanyetsa ho bola ha lik'hemik'hale, ho hanyetsa ho tsofala, jj. Ts'ebetso e phahameng ea li-elastomer tsa polyurethane likarolong tsena e etsa hore e be e 'ngoe ea thepa ea bohlokoa tšimong ea lifofane. Nka litiiso joalo ka mohlala. Sistimi ea mafura ea likoloi tsa lifofane, litiiso li hloka ho boloka ho tiisa ho sebetsang tlas'a maemo a mocheso o feteletseng le khatello. Sistimi ea mafura ea likoloi tsa lifofane hangata e pepesetsoa mocheso o phahameng, khatello e phahameng le mecha ea phatlalatso e senyang. Ka hona, litiiso ha lia lokela ho hanela mocheso o phahameng feela, empa hape le ho hanela ho bola ha lik'hemik'hale. Li-elastomer tsa polyurethane, haholo-holo li-polyurethane tse sebetsang hantle tse phekotsoeng mochesong o phahameng, li na le ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng haholo 'me li ka mamella libaka tsa mosebetsi tse kaholimo ho 300°C. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho tenyetseha ho hoholo ha li-elastomer tsa polyurethane ho li nolofalletsa ho tlatsa libaka tse sa tloaelehang ka katleho le ho netefatsa botsitso le ts'epo ea litiiso ts'ebelisong ea nako e telele. Mohlala, ditiiso tse sebediswang difofaneng tsa sepakapaka tsa NASA le diteisheneng tsa sepakapaka di sebedisa di-elastomer tsa polyurethane, tse bontshang tshebetso e ntle ya ho kwala le ho tshwarella dibakeng tse feteletseng. E nngwe ke di-shock absorber. Sefofaneng, di-shock absorber di sebediswa ho fokotsa tshusumetso ya ho thothomela ha sebopeho le ho tshoha dikarolong tsa bohlokwa. Di-elastomer tsa polyurethane di bapala karolo ya bohlokwa ditshebedisong tse jwalo. Ho tenyetseha ha tsona ho babatsehang le bokgoni bo botle ba ho monya matla di di nolofalletsa ho thibela le ho fokotsa ho thothomela le ho tshoha ka katleho, ka hona di sireletsa sebopeho le disebediswa tsa elektroniki tsa sefofane.

 

 Indasteri ea likoloi ea maemo a holimo

Indastering ea likoloi tsa maemo a holimo, tšebeliso ea li-elastomer tsa polyurethane e fetohile ntlha ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng ts'ebetso le boiketlo ba likoloi. Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea eona e ntle ka ho felletseng, li-elastomer tsa polyurethane li sebelisoa haholo likarolong tse ngata tsa bohlokoa tsa likoloi, ho kenyeletsoa litsamaiso tsa ho monya litšepe, litiiso, likarolo tsa kahare, jj. Ha re nka li-absorber tsa litšepe tsamaisong ea ho emisoa ha likoloi tsa maemo a holimo e le mohlala, ts'ebeliso ea li-elastomer tsa polyurethane e ntlafalitse haholo boiketlo ba ho khanna le botsitso ba ho sebetsana le koloi. Tsamaisong ea ho emisoa, li-elastomer tsa polyurethane li monya tšusumetso le ho thothomela tseleng ka katleho 'me li fokotsa ho sisinyeha ha' mele oa koloi ka thepa ea tsona e ntle ea ho tenyetseha le ea ho monya litšepe. Ho tenyetseha ho hoholo ha thepa ena ho netefatsa hore sistimi ea ho emisoa ha koloi e ka arabela kapele tlas'a maemo a fapaneng a ho khanna 'me ea fana ka boiphihlelo bo boreleli le bo phutholohileng haholoanyane ba ho khanna. Haholo-holo mehlaleng ea mabothobotho ea maemo a holimo, li-absorber tsa litšepe tse sebetsang hantle tse sebelisang li-elastomer tsa polyurethane li ka ntlafatsa boiketlo ba ho palama haholo 'me tsa fihlela litlhoko tsa boiphihlelo ba ho khanna ba boleng bo holimo. Likoloing tsa maemo a holimo, ts'ebetso ea litiiso e ama ka kotloloho ho thibela molumo, ho thibela mocheso le ts'ebetso ea ho se kenelle metsi ea koloi. Li-elastomer tsa polyurethane li sebelisoa haholo litiisong tsa mamati le lifensetere tsa likoloi, likarolo tsa enjene le literene tse ka tlas'a koloi ka lebaka la ho tiisa ha tsona hantle le ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo. Bahlahisi ba likoloi tsa maemo a holimo ba sebelisa li-elastomer tsa polyurethane e le litiiso tsa mamati ho ntlafatsa ho thibela molumo oa koloi le ho fokotsa ho kenella ha lerata la kantle.