Li-elastomer tsa polyurethane ke sehlopha sa bohlokoa sa lisebelisoa tsa polymer tse sebetsang hantle. Ka thepa ea bona e ikhethang ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale le ts'ebetso e phethahetseng e felletseng, ba na le maemo a bohlokoa indastering ea sejoale-joale. Lisebelisoa tsena li sebelisoa haholo libakeng tse ngata tsa ho etsa lihlahisoa tse phahameng, tse kang sefofane, likoloi tse phahameng, mechine e nepahetseng, lisebelisoa tsa elektronike le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, ka lebaka la ho phutholoha ha tsona, ho hanyetsa ho roala, ho hanyetsa kutu le ho sebetsa habonolo. Ka tsoelo-pele ea mahlale le thekenoloji le ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea thepa indastering ea tlhahiso, moralo o phahameng oa ts'ebetso oa polyurethane elastomer e fetohile ntlha ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng boleng ba ts'ebeliso ea tsona. Lefapheng la tlhahiso ea maemo a holimo, litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa li ntse li eketseha le ho feta. Joalo ka thepa e sebetsang hantle, moralo le ts'ebeliso ea li-elastomers tsa polyurethane li tlameha ho fihlela litekanyetso tse ikhethileng tsa tekheniki. Tšebeliso ea li-elastomer tsa polyurethane tlhahisong ea maemo a holimo e boetse e tobane le mathata a mangata, ho kenyelletsa taolo ea litšenyehelo, ts'ebetsong ea tekheniki le kamohelo ea 'maraka. Leha ho le joalo, ka melemo ea eona ea ts'ebetso, polyurethane elastomers e phethile karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng ts'ebetso le tlholisano ea lihlahisoa tsa tlhahiso. Ka lipatlisiso tse tebileng mabapi le likarolo tsena tsa kopo, e ka fana ka ts'ehetso e matla bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa moralo oa lisebelisoa le ho holisa lits'ebetso.

 

Moralo o sebetsang hantle oa polyurethane elastomers

 

Tlhokahalo ea thepa le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso

Polyurethane elastomers ke sehlopha sa lisebelisoa tsa polymer tse nang le ts'ebetso e ntle haholo. Haholo-holo li entsoe ka likarolo tse peli tsa motheo: polyether le isocyanate. Khetho le karolo ea likarolo tsena li na le tšusumetso e kholo ts'ebetsong ea boitsebiso ba ho qetela. Hangata polyether ke karolo e ka sehloohong e bonolo ea polyurethane elastomers. Sebopeho sa eona sa limolek'hule se na le lihlopha tsa polyol, tse ka fanang ka elasticity e ntle le ho feto-fetoha ha maemo. Isocyanate, e le karolo e ka sehloohong ea karolo e thata, e ikarabella bakeng sa ho itšoara ka polyether ho etsa liketane tsa polyurethane, ho matlafatsa matla le ho apara ho hanyetsa thepa. Mefuta e fapaneng ea polyethers le isocyanate e na le mefuta e fapaneng ea lik'hemik'hale le thepa ea 'mele. Ka hona, moralong oa li-elastomers tsa polyurethane, hoa hlokahala ho khetha le ho arola likarolo tsena ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ho latela litlhoko tsa kopo ho fihlela matšoao a ts'ebetso a hlokahalang. Mabapi le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso, li-elastomers tsa polyurethane li hloka ho ba le litšobotsi tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa: ho hanyetsa ho apara, elasticity, ho tsofala, joalo-joalo. Haholo-holo ha e sebelisoa libakeng tse apereng liaparo tse phahameng, tse kang mekhoa ea ho emisa likoloi le lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, ho hanyetsa ho apara hantle ho ka eketsa haholo bophelo ba tšebeletso ea sehlahisoa. Elasticity ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa mantlha tsa polyurethane elastomers. E etsa qeto ea hore na thepa e ka khutlela ka potlako sebopeho sa eona sa pele nakong ea deformation le ho hlaphoheloa. E sebelisoa haholo ho li-seal le li-shock absorbers. Ho thibela botsofali ho bolela bokhoni ba thepa ea ho boloka ts'ebetso ea eona ka mor'a tšebeliso ea nako e telele kapa ho pepeseha libakeng tse thata (tse kang mahlaseli a ultraviolet, mongobo, liphetoho tsa mocheso, joalo-joalo), ho netefatsa hore thepa e boloka ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang.

 

Maano a Ntlafatso ea Moralo

Moralo o sebetsang hantle haholo oa polyurethane elastomers ke ts'ebetso e rarahaneng le e bobebe e hlokang ho nahanoa ka botlalo ka maano a mangata a ntlafatso ea meralo. Ntlafatso ea sebopeho sa limolek'hule ke mohato o ka sehloohong oa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa. Ka ho lokisa sebopeho sa ketane ea limolek'hule tsa polyurethane, joalo ka ho eketsa tekanyo ea crosslinking, matla a mochini le ho hanyetsa thepa ea thepa e ka ntlafatsoa haholo. Ho eketseha ha tekanyo ea crosslinking ho lumella mohaho oa marang-rang o tsitsitseng haholoanyane hore o thehoe pakeng tsa liketane tsa limolek'hule tsa thepa, ka hona ho matlafatsa matla a eona ka kakaretso le ho tšoarella. Ka mohlala, ka ho sebelisa li-reactants tsa polyisocyanate kapa ho hlahisa li-crosslinking agents, tekanyo ea crosslinking e ka eketsoa ka katleho 'me ts'ebetso ea thepa e ka ntlafatsoa. Ntlafatso ea karo-karolelano ea likarolo e bohlokoa hape. Karo-karolelano ea polyether le isocyanate e ama ka ho toba elasticity, thata le ho apara ho hanyetsa ha thepa. Ka kakaretso, ho eketsa karolo ea isocyanate ho ka eketsa ho tiea le ho roala ha thepa, empa ho ka fokotsa ho tiea ha eona. Ka hona, hoa hlokahala ho lokisa ka nepo karo-karolelano ea tse peli ho ea ka litlhoko tsa sebele tsa kopo ho finyella tekanyo e ntle ea ts'ebetso. Ntle le ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa limolek'hule le karo-karolelano ea likarolo, ts'ebeliso ea li-additives le li-reinforcing li boetse li na le phello e kholo ts'ebetsong ea thepa. Li-nanomaterials, joalo ka nano-silicon le nano-carbon, li ka ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso e felletseng ea li-elastomer tsa polyurethane. Li-nanomaterials li ntlafatsa thepa ea mochini le ho hanyetsa tikoloho ea lisebelisoa ka ho eketsa matla a tsona, ho hanyetsa ho apara le ho hanyetsa botsofali.

 

 

Ntlafatso ea mokhoa oa ho itokisa

Ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea ho lokisa ke e 'ngoe ea litsela tsa bohlokoa tsa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea polyurethane elastomers. Tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea polymer synthesis e bile le tšusumetso e kholo ho lokiseng li-elastomer tsa polyurethane. Mekhoa ea sejoale-joale ea polymer synthesis, joalo ka reaction injection molding (RIM) le theknoloji e phahameng ea khatello ea polymerization, e ka fihlela taolo e nepahetseng haholoanyane nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya, ka hona e ntlafatsa sebopeho sa limolek'hule le ts'ebetso ea thepa. Theknoloji ea ho bopa ente ea Reaction e ka ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso le ho fihlela ts'ebeliso e ntle ea thepa le ho tsitsa nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho bopa ka ho kopanya ka potlako polyether le isocyanate tlasa khatello e phahameng le ho li kenya ka har'a hlobo. Theknoloji e phahameng ea khatello ea polymerization e ka ntlafatsa boima le matla a thepa le ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa ha eona le ho tsofala ha eona ka ho etsa liketso tsa polymerization tlas'a khatello e phahameng. Theknoloji e ntlafalitsoeng ea ho bopa le ho sebetsa le eona ke ntlha ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng ts'ebetso ea li-elastomer tsa polyurethane. Mekhoa ea setso ea ho bopa mochine o chesang butle butle e nketsoe sebaka ke theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea ho bopa le ho bopa extrusion. Ts'ebetso tsena tse ncha li ke ke tsa ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso feela, empa hape li fihlella taolo e nepahetseng haholoanyane nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho bopa ho netefatsa boleng le ts'ebetso ea thepa. Theknoloji ea ho bopa ka ente e ka fihlela sebopeho se nepahetseng sa libopeho tse rarahaneng le ho fokotsa litšila tsa thepa ka ho futhumatsa thepa e tala ea polyurethane hore e be boemong bo qhibilihisitsoeng le ho e kenya ka har'a hlobo. Theknoloji ea ho bopa ea Extrusion e futhumatsa le ho qobella thepa ea polyurethane ho tsoa ka har'a extruder, ho etsa marapo kapa li-tubes tse tsoelang pele ka ho pholile le ho tiisa. E loketse tlhahiso e kholo le ts'ebetso e hlophisitsoeng.

 

Ho sebelisoa ha polyurethane elastomers tlhahisong ea maemo a holimo

 

Sepakapaka

Lefapheng la aerospace, polyurethane elastomers e sebelisoa haholo likarolong tse ngata tsa bohlokoa, tse kang litiiso le li-shock absorbers, ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea tsona e babatsehang. Indasteri ea sepakapaka e na le litlhoko tse boima haholo mabapi le ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa, tseo haholo-holo li kenyelletsang ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng, ho hanyetsa mokhathala, k'hemik'hale ea ho senya lik'hemik'hale, ho hanyetsa ho roala, joalo-joalo Ts'ebetso e phahameng ea polyurethane elastomers likarolong tsena e etsa hore e be e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa haholo lefapheng la sefofane. Nka litiiso e le mohlala. Tsamaisong ea mafura ea likoloi tsa sefofane, litiiso li hloka ho boloka tiiso e sebetsang tlas'a mocheso o feteletseng le maemo a khatello. Tsamaiso ea mafura ea likoloi tsa sefofane hangata e pepesehetse mocheso o phahameng, khatello e phahameng le mecha ea litaba e senyang. Ka hona, litiiso ha lia lokela ho hanana le mocheso o phahameng feela, empa hape le ho bola ha lik'hemik'hale. Li-elastomer tsa polyurethane, haholo-holo li-polyurethane tse sebetsang hantle haholo tse folisitsoeng mochesong o phahameng, li na le khanyetso e ntle haholo ea mocheso o phahameng 'me li khona ho mamella maemo a ho sebetsa ka holimo ho 300°C. Ka nako e ts'oanang, elasticity e babatsehang ea polyurethane elastomers e ba nolofalletsa ho tlatsa libaka tse sa tloaelehang le ho netefatsa botsitso le ho tšepahala ha litiiso ha li sebelisoa nako e telele. Mohlala, litiiso tse sebelisoang litsing tsa sepaka-paka tsa NASA le liteishene tsa sepaka-paka li sebelisa polyurethane elastomers, e bonts'ang ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho tiisa le ho tšoarella maemong a feteletseng. E 'ngoe ke li- shock absorbers. Sebakeng sa sepakapaka, li-absorbers tsa ho sisinyeha li sebelisoa ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea ho sisinyeha ha sebopeho le ho ts'oha ho likarolo tsa bohlokoa. Li-elastomer tsa polyurethane li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse joalo. Elasticity ea tsona e ntle haholo le bokhoni bo botle ba ho monya matla li li thusa ho thibela le ho fokotsa ho thothomela le ho tsukutleha, ka hona li sireletsa sebopeho le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa sebaka sa sefofane.

 

 Indasteri ea likoloi tsa maemo a holimo

Indastering ea likoloi tsa maemo a holimo, ho sebelisoa ha polyurethane elastomers e fetohile ntho ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea koloi le boiketlo. Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea eona e ntle ka ho fetesisa, li-elastomers tsa polyurethane li sebelisoa haholo likarolong tse ngata tsa bohlokoa tsa likoloi, ho kenyelletsa le lits'ebetso tsa ho ts'oaroa ha litiiso, litiiso, likarolo tse kahare, joalo-joalo. Ho nka li-absorption tsa ts'ebetso ea ho emisoa ha likoloi tse phahameng joalo ka mohlala, ts'ebeliso ea li-elastomers tsa polyurethane e ntlafalitse haholo boiketlo ba ho khanna le botsitso ba ho tsamaisa koloi. Sistimi ea ho emisoa, li-elastomers tsa polyurethane li monya ka mokhoa o atlehileng tšusumetso le ho thothomela tseleng mme li fokotsa ho sisinyeha ha 'mele oa koloi ka thepa ea tsona e ntle haholo ea ho monya le ho ts'oha. Elasticity e babatsehang ea thepa ena e tiisa hore tsamaiso ea ho emisa koloi e ka arabela ka potlako tlas'a maemo a fapaneng a ho khanna 'me e fana ka phihlelo e bonolo le e phutholohileng ea ho khanna. Haholo-holo ka mehlala ea maemo a holimo a holimo, li-absorber tse sebetsang hantle tse sebelisang polyurethane elastomers li ka ntlafatsa haholo boiketlo ba ho palama le ho fihlela litlhoko tsa boiphihlelo bo phahameng ba ho khanna. Likoloi tsa maemo a holimo, ts'ebetso ea litiiso e ama ka kotloloho ho koala molumo, ho futhumatsa mocheso le ts'ebetso e sa keneleng metsi ea koloi. Li-elastomer tsa polyurethane li sebelisoa haholo ho litiiso bakeng sa mamati a koloi le lifensetere, likarolo tsa enjene le likariki tsa ka tlase ka lebaka la tiiso ea tsona e ntle le ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo. Baetsi ba likoloi tsa maemo a holimo ba sebelisa li-elastomer tsa polyurethane e le litiiso tsa mamati ho ntlafatsa ho koala molumo oa koloi le ho fokotsa ho kenella ha lerata le kantle.